Analysis Of The Movie The Final Girl - 1514 Words

Analyzing Tropes in Pop Culture A trope states different categories of figures of speech e.g. similes and puns. They used to describe and analyze a convention that can easily be understood and recognized as its common applied. Popular cultures are the images, perspectives and ideas that are within a given culture and is directing a certain mass. Final girl, a horror movie is among those movies that have many tropes in them. This movie is about a certain woman who becomes the last in line to ever confront the killer. She becomes the only person to ever narrate the story. This all happens after all her friends were killed by the killer holding her. The killer won’t let her go as he is holding a knife to finish what he had started. Hence, the essay below analyses tropes in pop cultures in the movie, the final girl. Most concerns are with the important positioning called the final character that happens to be a girl, with relationship to spectator. There are theories th at are used to analyze the movie as a male character. There is where popular culture evolves in that every last or final person in a horror movie is always a woman or girl. The serial attacker or the killer usually turns out to be a male. Ironical how women are viewed as weak and fearful people they are always the ones that end up being the last people. The final girl is structurally meant to make an interesting impact to the audience so that it can be watched by almostShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Speech Entry 21254 Words   |  6 Pagesget him a date for prom. They were in the hallway looking at Margo Roth Spiegelman, a girl who lives in Quentin’s neighbourhood. Analysis: In this passage, Quentin and his friend, Ben are trying to call a girl by a slang term candy-coated honeybunny. This passage can be offensive to a girl and is inappropriate for age group. Author includes this passage so he can show the attitude of that time towards the girls. Entry 2: Passage: â€Å"Also your mom. Bro, I saw your mom kiss you on the cheek this morningRead MoreA Quick Looks Shows Childrens Toys are Gender Specific Essay894 Words   |  4 PagesThe stores layout clearly establishes the line between girl’s toys and boys toys. There are very few isles that will intermingle within the sexes. For this project I selected the following age groups; infant, preschool and school age with a focus on girls toys. Infant toys were the one age group where the genders comingled. My first selection is the Laugh and Learn Love to Play Sis. This plush dog displays dominate colors of pink and purple, has a bow in her hair and is wearing a skirt. Sis has someRead MoreEssay on Production Report1087 Words   |  5 PagesThriller Movie, a Children’s Television Programme, A magazine or a Radio Advert. After looking at them carefully, I decided to produce an opening sequence of a Thriller Movie. The sequence had to be at least two minutes long. For this I had to Analysis three existing Media Texts, make a storyboard for my movie, a script for the story, planning a schedule, making the actual production, etc. when I was thinking of the filming, I had to think of a thriller movie that wouldRead MoreEssay on Literary Analysis of Movie892 Words   |  4 PagesLiterary Analysis of Movie How does it feel starting over in a completely new place? In the movie â€Å"The Karate Kid†, Daniel, the main character, and his mom moved to the California from New Jersey because of his mom’s new job offer. Daniel started going to school in California and met a girl named Ali, whom he started to like. He started going out with her. Daniel was getting beat up by some bullies; one of them was Ali’s ex-boyfriend. They knew karate very well, but Daniel did not. So Daniel decidedRead MoreRelationships, Deception And Conflict In The Movie Django Unchained739 Words   |  3 Pagesoriginal screenplay. Tarantino is known for his â€Å"unpredictable violent films and first gained fame for his movie Pulp Fiction† (Biography). The movie Django Unchained takes place two years before the Civil War a slave name Django finds himself traveling with an unorthodox German bounty hunter Dr. King Schultz. The relationship between the two develop into a deep friendship. Thr ough the analysis of their relationship throughout their journey will displayed concepts of: Forming relationships, deceptionRead MoreThe Style Of David Fincher s Se7en1386 Words   |  6 PagesConclusion xix References xxi Style of Se7en by David Fincher 1. Introduction The movie selected for this particular assignment was David Fincher’s Se7en, which is an adaptation of the screenplay written by Andrew Kevin Walker, the movie was released in 1995. The movie falls under the genres of drama, mystery and thriller. All the three genres provide the viewers with incomplete information adding to the suspense of the movie. According to the Hill (2010), suspense is an external environmental stimulusRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Bend It Like Beckham 1278 Words   |  6 PagesI selected to do a cultural analysis on the movie â€Å"Bend It Like Beckham†. To give a rundown on the plot of the movie, there is a girl named Jess Bhamra, who is an Indian living in England. She is a very talented soccer player, but her parents will not permit her to play. One day, she meets a girl named Jules Paxton, who persuades Jess to play soccer. Throughout her time on the team, Jess has to make sure that her parents do not discover that she is playing professi onal soccer and that she has a growingRead MoreFilm Analysis : Slumdog Millionaire1742 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction to Sociology Film Analysis: Slumdog Millionaire Structural Functionalist: a) Describe the structural hierarchy of the key layers in the movie(Police, Inspector, Game Show Host, Jamal, Salim and Latika) There is a structural hierarchy in the movie which makes sure that people remain in their prescribed role where the inspector is at the top then Salim and Jamal is at the bottom of the hierarchy. The individuals at the top are more privileged to power and money while the people at theRead MoreThe Duff Is A Teen Movie1494 Words   |  6 PagesThe DUFF is a teen movie, which offers people a myopic view of life as a normal, nameless high school student. The movie begins as the main character, Bianca Piper, walked down in the school hall way with her best friends, Jessica and Casey, who were known as the popular girls at school. Jessica and Casey got party invitation from the mean girl Madison, and they decided to bring Bianca to the party too. At the party, Bianca was just one of those nameless and faceless people in a sea of popular teenagersRead MoreThe Visitor ( 2008 ) Essay919 Words   |  4 Pagescouple occupying his place. They apparently rented it for two months, illegitimately . As the story unfolds, it encompasses intercultural relationships, governmental bureaucracy, world politics and many other social and civil areas. The Visitor: Analysis of Social/Civil Breadth area The cultures that overlap are Syrian, American and Senegalese. Many sub-cultures are represented too, for instance, the American versions of Senegalese and Syrian, French Senegalese and traditional Syrian. Other attitudes

Wto and India - 8311 Words

Introduction Trade agreements on the basis of reciprocity are instruments used by governments to achieve trade liberalization. The reciprocal exchange of market access rights which occurs through such agreements amounts to an international exchange of domestic political support between governments that helps policymakers to overcome the protectionist bias of uncoordinated trade policies. In order to protect the negotiated balance of rights and obligations from eroding -e.g., by trade restrictions which one government may introduce in violation of the trade agreement in order to enhance its political support from import-competing interests - trade agreements usually include dispute settlement mechanisms based on diplomatic and/or†¦show more content†¦These points of contention have hindered any progress to launch new WTO negotiation(s) beyond the Doha Development Round. As a result of this impasse, there has been an increasing amount of bilateral free trade agreements. WTOs current Direct or-General is Pascal Lamy, who leads a staff of over 600 people in Geneva, Switzerland. The WTOs predecessor, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), was established after World War II in the wake of other new multilateral institutions dedicated to international economic cooperation — notably the Bretton Woods institutions known as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. A comparable international institution for trade, named the International Trade Organization was successfully negotiated. The ITO was to be a United Nations specialized agency and would address not only trade barriers but other issues indirectly related to trade, including employment, investment, restrictive business practices, and commodity agreements. But the ITO treaty was not approved by the U.S. and a few other signatoriesShow MoreRelatedA Company Who Supply The Aerospace Industry With Components For Aero Structures Essay1393 Words   |  6 Pagessupply the aerospace industry with components for aero structures, aero engines and other primary functions, our customer base is for both civil and defence applications. We as a group company have production facilities both in the United Kingdom and India and our supply is worldwide. Because of the nature of our business all aspects of customs regulations and procedures are in one way or another applicable and can have a bearing on the end cost of a product and the likely outcome of supply. Import dutiesRead MoreUnderstanding The World Trade Organization1165 Words   |  5 PagesThere are many different ways of understanding the world trade organisation (WTO). It is an organisation for trade openings where the governments of different countries are giving the opportunity to negotiate trade agreements and for them to resolve trade controversy. Many countries have faced a lot of trade barriers and wanted them to be removed, so these negotiations have helped to open trade in the market. Although the organisation is not only about opening markets because in some situationsRead MoreIntroduction Of Gatt And The Wto972 Words   |  4 PagesTrade prior to the introduction of GATT and the WTO had many shortfalls. There was an ongoing disgruntlement between countries that were developed and countries that were not, and their ability to trade with each other. In order to remedy this, the GATT was introduced. After the GATT had its run, the WTO was created to replace and improve off of what was previously in place. That being said, the WTO, too, had its tribulations. Before the World Trade Organization was created, in-developed countriesRead MoreChina’s evolving geopolitical role and its participation in the WTO.1419 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Critically analyze China’s evolving geopolitical role and its participation in the WTO. China’s evolving Geopolitical Role: Introduction: In terms of geopolitics, it was been observed that China is among the three great powers, beside the United States and the European Union. According to O. Tuathail, 1996; Agnew, 2009, critical geopolitics intends to understand world politics in terms of the ways in which elites and publics actively construct the spaces of political action that areRead MoreThe World Trade Organization951 Words   |  4 Pagesnot only help The World Trade Organisation is an international organisation whose motive is to promote open and free trade by convincing nations to eradicate import tariffs In addition, the WTO policies free trade agreements, settles trade disputes between governments and organises trade negotiations. (â€Å"WTO Profile: Background Info†} Although on paper promoting free trade may seem to benefit both developed and developing nations, however in practice, the introduction of free trade may only benefitRead MoreSustainable Development and Globalization Are Two Popular Concept with Respect to Present Context. Is Globalization Is a Threat for Sustainable Development ?1031 Words   |  5 Pagespolitical, and biological factors. Since World War II, barriers to international trade have been considerably lowered through international agreements  Ã¢â‚¬â€ GATT. Particular initiatives carried out as a result of GATT and the  World Trade Organization  (WTO), for which GATT is the foundation, have included: Promotion of free trade: elimination of  tariffs; creation of  free trade zones  with small or no tariffs Negative effects of Globalization Globalization has been one of the most hotly debated topicsRead MoreIndia s Pharmaceutical Industry : International Trade Limits On Account Of Their Abuse Of Intellectual Property Rights858 Words   |  4 PagesIndia s pharmaceutical industry was facing various international trade limits on account of their abuse of intellectual property rights. The Indian organizations used to copy licenses of drugs made by Western nations and Japan with no obligation to property rights. This would dishearten international investors from taking interest in India s drug industry. India was useful for making nonexclusive, brand drugs in light of the fact that the licenses for those drugs at that point had already lapsedRead MoreIndia s Pharmaceutical Industry : India856 Words   |  4 PagesYears ago, India s pharmaceutical industry was experiencing a number of international trade limits because of their abuse of intellectual property rights. The Indian organizations used to duplicate patents of dru gs made by Western nations and Japan with no obligation to property rights. This would discourage international investors from participating in India s drug industry. India was useful for making generic brand drugs in light of the fact that the patents for those drugs at that point hadRead MoreGlobalization Is An Ongoing Process, And The Process Of Globalization1666 Words   |  7 Pagesincluding reduction of custom charges, allowing foreign investors to invest in India, opening of service sector to foreign capital to foreign investments and full convertibility of the Indian rupee was allowed. So India now was open to all sorts of foreign investments and became integrated with the outer world in terms of technology, production, capital and other fields of economy. Economic Impact of Globalization in India: Globalisation had profound influence on the Indian economy. There were multilateralRead MoreRise of Indias Drug Industry860 Words   |  4 Pagesinvesting into India’s drug industry. India was only good for making generic brand drugs because the patents for those drugs were already expired. However, the situation has changed dramatically in recent years due to the rising demand for international trade. Especially, with the induction of India into WTO in 2005, there came the appreciation and protection for property rights. India stopped making those counterfeit drugs. The fact that India is a member of WTO has eased the path for foreign investors

Home Confinement An Alternative to Incarceration Essay

Home Confinement: An Alternative to Incarceration West Virginia state prisons have a maximum capacity of 2,154 inmates; currently they house 2,363 inmates, and more remain in City and County lockups to manage the overflow (West Virginia Blue Book). Home Confinement solves this problem. Reduction of the prison population should be reason enough to institute home confinement, but other reasons do exist. Would you like lower taxes? Home confinement costs much less than incarceration. Do you favor less crime? For certain types of criminals, home confinement has a better rehabilitation rate. Home confinement also differs from incarceration by the fact that it allows the confined person to contribute to society. For all of these†¦show more content†¦They are allowed to go to work and participate in other selected activities, but their location is known at all times. The device will also alert authorities if it is tampered with; so you cannot simply remove it (Internet). The idea of electronic monitors to track the location of pri soners first arose in the 1960s when Dr. Ralph Schwitzgebel researched, developed, and tested a device capable of doing so. These devices constantly transmit over the telephone or over radio waves (McCarthy 137). Once the prisoner completes his sentence, the device is removed. This seems to be a good idea - it allows someone to be punished but it does not put a halt to their life in general or contribute to the overpopulation of a prison. Aside from controlling prison populations, another reason for home confinement is certainly cost efficiency. An experiment in Kenton County Kentucky, examined 39 prisoners sentenced to home confinement with electronic monitoring devices for a total of 1,172 days. 1,172 days in jail cost Kenton County $44,512, and the same period of home confinement cost $27,068. A Kenton County judge expressed no shock when viewing these figures: Any time you can save a bed-day in jail, you have done something positive for the criminal justice system (Ball 81). In addition, the offender was charged a fee basedShow MoreRelatedCompare And Contrast Juvenile Delinquency Prevention979 Words   |  4 Pageschildren nor mature adults†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Nelson, 2012). Because juveniles are in a process of constant development sociologically, psychologically and physiologically, the juvenile court system focuses on alternative sentences and the creation of programs that will offer them rehabilitation instead of incarceration. However, in cases of extraordinary circumstances, the juvenile system shifts from looking at rehabilitation as a first choice to accountability and punishment (Read, n.d). All levels of societyRead More Alternatives to Incarceration Essay876 Words   |  4 PagesAlternatives to Incarceration Ever since the first prison opened in the United States in 1790, incarceration has been the center of the nations criminal justice system. Over this 200 year period many creative alternatives to incarceration have been tried, and many at a much lower cost than imprisonment. It wasn’t until the late 1980’s when our criminal justice systems across the country began experiencing a problem with overcrowding of facilities. This problem forced lawmakers to developRead MoreAlternative to Incarceration Essay894 Words   |  4 PagesDecember 5, 2001 Alternatives to incarceration Ever since the first prison opened in the United States in 1790, incarceration has been the center of the nations criminal justice system. Over this 200 year period many creative alternatives to incarceration have been tried, and many at a much lower cost than imprisonment. It wasnt until the late 1980s when our criminal justice systems across the country began experiencing a problem with overcrowding of facilities. This problem forced lawmakersRead MoreCompeting Theories of Corrections1624 Words   |  7 Pagesin the office a state senator, I have been asked to prepare a detailed outline on correctional theory in general and then make a series of suggestions on ways to implement some of the nontraditional theories of corrections. In reviewing mass incarceration there is often criticism of simple warehousing of human beings who are convicted of crimes. If it is a violent crime there is a need to safeguard society from future criminal acts of a person who is convicted of the most he inous offenses. I willRead MoreJuvenile Corrections Essay1373 Words   |  6 Pagesresulting in the youth outgrowing delinquency. 2. What are foster homes? How do they differ from group homes? Foster homes are a type of non-secure confinement that may or may not be associated with an offense. If a court finds that a youths parent or guardian is unfit that youth may be placed into a temporary household. Not all youths placed in foster care are criminals, some are orphaned or in need of supervision. Foster homes do prove useful in helping children that have mental, developmentalRead MoreExpanding Funding For Alternatives For Incarceration Essay1589 Words   |  7 PagesExpanding Funding for Alternatives to Incarceration Many individuals in prison have mental health and addiction problems. The only way they can be helped is by our system offering lower-cost alternatives to incarceration to address the problem which led them to criminal activity. Studies have indicated that only 10% or fewer inmates received mental health care while incarcerated which in turn is costly and ineffective. Studies have shown it cost $1.8 billion to house mentally ill offenders whom returnRead MoreIntermediate Community Sanction: Home Confinement and Electronic Monitoring1588 Words   |  7 Pagescouple of decades new methods of punishment has been developed for the minor offender. These fall under the category of intermediate community sanction and consist of electronic monitoring and home confinement. These punishments have proven very useful in dealing with minor offenders, pretrial confinement and others in need of supervision. They seem to be effective and help to transfer some of the cost of prison back to the offe nder. At one time a criminal was either sentenced to death or sent toRead MoreThe Juvenile System And Juvenile Corrections System1740 Words   |  7 Pagesaddition to being monitored but at the same time the outcomes are not clear as the data is not being actively tracked due to the number of offenders in the system (Probation services). Day Treatment and Group Homes Other options in the Juvenile Correction system also include Day Treatment and Group home settings which are types of One day treatment facility in Kentucky has expectations outlined for youth to be in their treatment centers. After attending their facilities, offenders are expected to stayRead MoreElectronic Monitoring And The Problem Of Prison Overcrowding2487 Words   |  10 Pages Electronic Monitoring as an alternative to confinement Annabel oromoni University of Toronto Professor Phil Goodman November 15, 2014 The criminal justice system has succeeded in creating other ways of punishing offenders due to the problem of prison overcrowding. These are alternatives to confinement and unlike imprisonment, they do not involve being in a four square cell. Examples of alternative confinement include electronic monitoring, community supervision, house arrestRead MoreJuvenile Justice: Incarceration vs. Intervention3212 Words   |  13 Pagesï » ¿ Juvenile Justice: Intervention versus Incarceration Lisa Whipple Professor Sinclair-Appelt English Composition II May 1, 2012 Abstract The national trend towards getting tough on juvenile crime by altering the juvenile justice system to more closely mirror the adult system was examined in order to determine whether secure confinement of juvenile offenders is as effective as community-based rehabilitative and treatment programs for these youth. Politicians

The Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman - 988 Words

Learning about how an author lived/lives their life can really change the way that a story is seen. Without the background knowledge of the author’s life all the reader has to rely on is imagination to fill in the blanks between the story and writer. Wither or not the story is based off the writer’s imagination or not can really change the perceptive that a story is seen. Take for example my reactions to the tale â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. My reaction to reading the story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† before knowing anything about Gilman is the first thing that will be discussed. Followed by some information I found during the research process and then how my views of work changed with the information I found. Ending with how I think that knowing the authors life can change the perspective which their writing is seen. Without any back ground information on the work â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† besides the year it was publi shed, how society was during that time period and the authors name I found it a rather odd story. It was obviously a tale of female oppression and a swirl into madness because of that type of abuse. Which I thought to be purely fiction the first time I had read it. The thing that really caught me off guard was the seamless transition from perfectly sane to questionable balanced then to undeniably deranged. Which normally when reading something like the descent into delirium you get a sense that the person who wrote the piece is trying to rushShow MoreRelatedThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman885 Words   |  4 Pagesbeen a stigma around mental illness and feminism. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† was written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman in the 1900’s. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† has many hidden truths within the story. The story was an embellished version her own struggle with what was most likely post-partum depression. As the story progresses, one can see that she is not receiving proper treatment for her depression and thus it is getting worse. Gilman uses the wallpaper and what she sees in it to symbolize her desire to escapeRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman846 Words   |  4 PagesHumans are flawed individuals. Although flaws can be bad, people learn and grow from the mistakes made. Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s short story, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, gives one a true look at using flaws to help one grow. Gilman gives her reader’s a glimpse into what her life would have consisted of for a period of time in her life. Women were of little importance other than to clean the house and to reproduce. This story intertwines the reality of what the lives of woman who were considered toRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1362 Words   |  6 Pagesas freaks. In the short story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, both of these elements are pre sent. Gilman did a wonderful job portraying how women are not taken seriously and how lightly mental illnesses are taken. Gilman had, too, had firsthand experience with the physician in the story. Charlotte Perkins Gilman s believes that there really was no difference in means of way of thinking between men or women is strongly. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† is a short story about a woman whoRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1547 Words   |  7 PagesCharlotte Perkins Gilman s career as a leading feminists and social activist translated into her writing as did her personal life. Gilman s treatment for her severe depression and feelings of confinement in her marriage were paralleled by the narrator in her shorty story, The Yellow Wallpaper. Charlotte Perkins Gilman was born in 1860 in Hartford, Connecticut. Her parents, Mary Fitch Perkins and Fredrick Beecher Perkins, divorced in 1869. Her dad, a distinguished librarian and magazine editorRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman2032 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman is a poem about women facing unequal marriages, and women not being able to express themselves the way they want too. Charlotte Perkins Gilman was born in 1860, and died in 1935. This poem was written in 1892. When writing this poem, women really had no rights, they were like men’s property. So writing â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† during this time era, was quite shocking and altered society at the time. (Charlotte Perkins Gilman and the Feminization ofRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman904 Words   |  4 Pagescom/us/definiton/americaneglish/rest-cure?q=rest+cure). Charlotte Perkins Gilman wrote The Yellow Wallpaper as a reflection of series of events that happened in her own life. Women who fought the urge to be the typical stereotype were seen as having mental instabilities and were considered disobedient. The societal need for women to conform to the standards in the 1800s were very high. They were to cook, clean and teach their daughters how to take care of the men. Gilman grew up without her father and she vowedRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman999 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† is a story of a woman s psychological breakdown, which is shown through an imaginative conversation with the wallpaper. The relationship between the female narrator and the wallpaper reveals the inner condition of the narrator and also symbolically shows how women are oppressed in society. The story, read through a feminist lens, reflects a woman s struggle against the patriarchal power structure. In the â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, Charlotte Perkins Gilman uses the wallpaperRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman Essay1208 Words   |  5 Pagesthat wallpaper as I did?† the woman behind the pattern was an image of herself. She has been the one â€Å"stooping and creeping.† The Yellow Wallpaper was written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. In the story, three characters are introduced, Jane (the narrator), John, and Jennie. The Yellow Wallpaper is an ironic story that takes us inside the mind and emotions of a woma n suffering a slow mental breakdown. The narrator begins to think that another woman is creeping around the room behind the wallpaper, attemptingRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman846 Words   |  4 PagesThe dignified journey of the admirable story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† created by Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s, gave the thought whether or not the outcome was influenced by female oppression and feminism. Female oppression and feminist encouraged a series of women to have the freedom to oppose for their equal rights. Signified events in the story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† resulted of inequality justice for women. Charlotte Perkins Gilman gave the reader different literary analysis to join the unjustifiableRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1704 Words   |  7 PagesEscaping The Yellow Wallpaper Charlotte Perkins Gilman (1860-1935) whom is most acclaimed for her short story The Yellow Wallpaper (1891) was a women’s author that was relatively revolutionary. Gilman makes an appalling picture of captivity and confinement in the short story, outlining a semi-personal photo of a young lady experiencing the rest cure treatment by her spouse, whom in addition to being her husband was also her therapist. Gilman misused the rest cure in The Yellow Wallpaper to alarm other

Managing Groups in a Multicultural Setup Free Essays

string(72) " a hard time expressing his thoughts, lacking the necessary vocabulary\." Surviving and succeeding in today’s global competitive business environment is obviously difficult. Cross-cultural working, managing changes, technological advantages give the much needed edge to set organizations apart. Our progress and approach strategies clearly defines our success. We will write a custom essay sample on Managing Groups in a Multicultural Setup or any similar topic only for you Order Now Developments in recent years have reinforced the view that we are moving from a world in which we determined our destination to one in which we must learn to navigate a path between myriad future possibilities (Stickland,1998). I had been assigned to a study group, which I was to work with, during the first semester. The group members met each other for the first time in the lecture theatre and decided to meet after class. The meeting was informal and we all introduced ourselves, exchanged e-mail addresses and phone numbers. All five team members talked about their backgrounds and I seemed to like the team from the beginning. Everyone seemed humble. As we kept on talking, it became apparent that some team members were more talkative than others. Team members, A and B were very talkative and kept asking questions while C and D were more quiet. I was more like an average participant, but in the end I too talked less. A and B looked at each other and me but not at C and D; C and D were thus not included in the conversations. I noticed this, but decided to ignore it for the time being. I thought I need to only change it later. The five members came from different countries across four continents. A was from India and from experience I knew that Indians would talk a lot and have strong opinions. B was from Honduras whom I thought would be talkative and easy going like my friends from Nicaragua and other Central American countries. While C was from Georgia, a country I did not know much about, D was from the US whom I thought would be a hard working, self-centered and confrontationist. The team was truly diverse. Having lived in Asia, North America and Europe, working with several multicultural teams for over a decade; I knew from the beginning that I had to learn more about their cultures and backgrounds. This was perhaps the only way I could interpret their behavior and adapt to them, while they could adapt to me too. I believed that judging people even before you get to know them was wrong, while at the same time I was sure that my assumptions about certain cultures and the norms within these cultures, were mostly right. We were assigned the first group task in management science. I walked into the assignment with a positive attitude and everyone else in the group did, too. After all, the first get-to-know meeting had been positive. Once we had gathered, we decided on where to work. We sat down and focused on the task that had been given to us. We read the assignment and were ready to discuss the task. Here things started to go wrong. As group members are not much familiar with each other, there is a certain amount of uncertainty and suspicion, when interpreting each other’s conduct and action. Lack of positive relationship carries opportunities for development of serious conflicts. These may not only be difficult to resolve, but also decrease team performance, particularly when a relationship conflict is not differentiated from task disagreements. (Pamela and Sara 2002) As we had not established a hierarchy structure, there was no leader. It was an equal platform for all to put forth their contributions, at an identical level. I come from a consensus driven society and thought that it was the right approach. I believed that everyone knew how dynamics in a consensus driven group works. However, I was proven wrong. People were not listening to each other! People would not let each other talk. Instead they interrupted each other! I could not overcome the feeling that some people wanted to prove that they were intelligent and knowledgeable. We did not have a dialogue. The task’s problems and scope were not discussed. We did not talk about how to solve the task at hand. Instead people presented their solutions!. The team found it hard to keep up the schedules, and inefficient communication was taking its toll. I have worked as a management and strategy consultant in many countries and even founded companies in cultures foreign to me and I had never seen such chaos and unstructured behavior. In fact, gradually the team structure itself broke down and began functioning like two divided teams working on separate agenda. Did this have to do with some people’s inexperience?! Or was this peculiar only to me?. I went along with what was happening in the group, always trying to pull people back to discuss the task’s scope. The group agreed that we needed to look at the scope and understand it. However, people continued to argue their causes defending their ideas. We were not getting anywhere. Time was running out and I knew that we did not have a good solution. This was confirmed when we saw what other groups presented. Now, I wondered whether the other people in the group saw it the same way? But I never asked them. We had talked to each other in the first assignment but not with each other now . We were not communicating well. Several days later, the second assignment was given to us. We went back to the same room we had used earlier. We read the task and, to my surprise, nobody’s approach had changed. Everyone was talking and no one listening. D who had been quiet in the first meeting tried to explain his idea which I thought was good. I wanted people to listen to D and they did after I specifically asked them to. D has only studied English for four years and he had a hard time expressing his thoughts, lacking the necessary vocabulary. You read "Managing Groups in a Multicultural Setup" in category "Essay examples" Everyone else in the group speaks English fluently. I believed this might be the reason why no one listened to him. Anyway, after D had talked, they resumed their unconstructive debating, ignoring D’s ideas. After I initiated a second attempt to get D back into the discussion without any success I must admit that emotions replaced my otherwise logical and rather rational thinking. The other group members’ ignorance upset me. I decided not to participate anymore. Instead, I decided to observe what was going on in the team, making mental notes and checking my initial assumptions about each others’ attitudes. I then realized that initiating a groupwork successfully is very important and difficult. Perhaps the task or objectives at hand need to correspond to an initiation level too. Not much has been said or written on tasks, which are more suitable for groupwork, particularly at the initiation level. But it has been widely accepted that group work must be established in defined stages or steps, so that there is a better sense of direction and focus at the early stages. It would also be more beneficial if the topics and activities are initially focused at a simpler, straightforward and interesting agenda, gradually moving on to complicating issues. (Elisabeth 1990) Once again, we ran out of time without having completed the task, we returned to the lecture theatre only to find that our solution was substandard. At this point, I thought we have had enough and decided that we need to have a team discussion to analyze why we were under performing and how can we improve?. I sent out an e-mail to the group on this and to my surprise the team agreed with me, and we met the next day. During the subsequent meeting everyone admitted that we have been under performing. We also agreed that an important problem was that we were not letting everyone speak up and that some members dominated the discussions. We had to change this. This is when we created a â€Å"Group Work Guidebook† and work structure guidelines. We established guidelines on courtesy, respect, conduct and criticism, which are to be exhibited by all, in the course of our groupwork. We also took certain strategic initiatives like sharing our strengths and weaknesses and setting up a roadmap for achieving our objectives. Even though we did not have specific roles I soon became the facilitator, with many suggesting that I take over as a secretary. I made sure to empower others in the group as we went along but also made sure that discussion went smoothly without getting stuck in details. When emotions started to come up in discussions I tried to intervene usually with humor. I had to skip a meeting as I was sick; however it gave me an opportunity to understand how the team performed in my absence. I was surprised to note that the team was indeed more receptive to each other than before. Meetings were however becoming more hectic due to time constraints caused unnecessarily by professors, and at times we felt like we were slipping off as before. What made me uncomfortable at times was that some group members started to see me as the leader, which I did not like. Group members would look at me when there was an argument or when they had questions. I felt like a judge! I did not want this because I felt that it would hold the group back from having open and productive discussions. I believed that we could have â€Å"new leaders† every time depending on what we talked about. The leader would naturally emerge and it would obviously be the one who knew the most about the matter at hand. When I received for example questions, and people looked at me. I would give my opinion but then make sure that I asked everyone else what they thought. It was a time consuming process and ate into our efficiency but it was worth it. We ended up with good results and everyone felt involved. However, not everyone felt that they had been involved every time we met. C had never worked in a multi-cultural team before and likes task-focused approaches. C took over the role of coordinator without us noticing. A says that she comes from a passive culture and thinks she is helping us which isn’t. . In the session, A mentioned that she was not feeling that everyone understood her and she had a hard time expressing her feelings in the group. I spoke to A about it, who needed more reassurance when she worked in groups. She had a tendency to talk a lot and many group members found it distracting and I sensed that she was being kept outside the team a little bit. We had agreed on some guidelines but, especially A and C wanted to work the way they were used to, unwilling to accept others’ ways of working. We started to prepare slides so that we could hit the ground running and it took a long time before we felt comfortable with dividing tasks The initial phase helped us to bond. As we went along, the group worked harmoniously with some few interruptions. The group bonded more and more as we went along. Mostly, because we now understood each other’s needs and how everyone liked to work. Our team outing also contributed to this bonding, giving us an opportunity to talk on something personal. Also, we started to split tasks and worked in small groups. The objectives and approaches were discussed with the team. Then tasks were delegated. We were able to work faster this way. This also satisfied C who wanted a more task oriented approach. However, we did not exaggerate the task focus. A admitted that she in general has problems to express feelings, and we as a team assured her that everyone does have it, but that it is better to talk to us, so that we can support her as we work together almost every day. We were here to learn, try new things and have fun. In the â€Å"group therapy† session, the team agreed that efficiency was an issue although, it had improved over the past weeks. The question now was how quickly we could improve our efficiency and how?. We decided, especially during our project, to pick up the pace and set more deadlines. As we continued to progress well, it was becoming obvious that some team members missed a hierarchical structure. The more experienced members however, were fine with not having one, while the less experienced ones looked for guidance and at some time even thought that they had turned into leaders as they tried to enforce a hierarchy or assigned themselves tasks such as structuring meetings, etc. I believe this helps them tackle their insecurity. The younger members showed that they could not handle stress very well. When we had client meetings C would get nervous and start bossing people around. I laughed at it initially, but pointed it out to him. Even other group members pointed it out to him and he improved. As we entered the final phase of the project I discovered that the younger members liked to talk in the â€Å"I† form more and more. When I had put together a model with A or C they would still say â€Å"I created XYZ† in the group. B picked up on this and it irritated her as well as me. I explained to them the importance of teamwork and made it clear that it should always be ‘We’ and not ‘I’. The study group bonded more and more. Even C who in the beginning thought that dinners were simply a waste of time now started to enjoy them and even initiates them. He felt comfortable with the team and the team in general spoke openly about everything. Today, we are still improving our organizational skills and efficiency. However, we are very comfortable with each other, joking and laughing more than we work at times. This slows down work, but we still achieve good results and most importantly we discuss things outside the assignment, which is also a way of developing. The project presentation went very well. C talks and jokes more than he has ever done before – not just with the group. D has found a humorous side as well and has been very calm throughout the process. B is very involved sometimes at a level that is too detailed but she keeps everyone positive. A is motivated again after the Management Science debacle when we scored lower than we had expected. I am more structured in my approach and communicate much clearer (harder) than before pulling the teams back to the essential problems, when needed. And, yes, I still spend much time talking to group members outside the group, helping in any way that I possibly can. Did it require much energy and time? Yes! But it was worth it. I look forward to working with this group again, because we are now working well together, learning more and faster; being adapted to each other’s working style and body language. There are people in the MBA with whom I do not want to work with. These are people who do not understand integrity, honesty and respect. Selfishness does not go well with me. I have understood and realized this only in the past few weeks, more than ever before. I continue to believe that my passive leadership style in which I try to make people discover their flaws themselves is good. Sometimes I have to be more direct, or there will be misunderstandings leading to potential conflicts. Creating a group and implementing a working plan or road map is a difficult and time-consuming task. The planning stage is very crucial for the effective working of the group, however it is also essential that we do not hold on completely to the plan. The group and leader must react to situations impulsively. (Linda 1997). I see myself more of a transformational type leader who set goals and inculcate awareness on the setting and achieving of goals by others to pull them from unworthy preoccupations. Transformational leadership elevates levels of morality and motivation among others and are more effective, It has not been possible to relate their leadership with demographic, social or personal characteristics (Linda et al). I have indeed been benefited by this groupwork experience, a benefit that will remain with me, contributing to whatever I would be involved in. REFERENCES Linda et al., 2001;Organizational Behavior; A Management Challenge, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Linda. F. Groupwork in Occupational Therapy. Nelson Thornes (1997) Elisabeth D. Talking and Learning in Groups. Routledge (1990). Pamela J. and   Sara. K Distributed Work   MIT Press, (2002) Stickland, F.; The Dynamics of Change. Publisher: Routledge, London (1998). How to cite Managing Groups in a Multicultural Setup, Essay examples

Medical Confidentiality Laws and Ethics

Question: Discuss about theMedical Confidentialityfor Laws and Ethics. Answer: Introduction The word confidentiality means defined limitation or restriction to access, communicate and disclose certain sensitive information under the guidance of laws and ethics. This confidentiality is highly dependent on laws that lead to formation of rules for confidentiality maintenance in any field[1]. In terms of medical scenario, the relationship of communicating information between doctors and patients is managed by rules and regulations of medical confidentiality designed using legal norms. This legal formation and protection of confidentiality help to maintain a balance in the flow of information at the time of physician-patient discussion, treatment and communication processes[2] [3]. The duty of confidentiality management and maintenance is considered as a non-negotiable principle of medical practices from viewpoint of practitioners, lawmakers, patients and other authorities, however, still, there are situations, norms, conditions and factors that challenge confidentiality leading to the development of complexity[4]. One such issue of factors highlighted in the reading of Loughrey is vulnerability occurring towards the childrens rights of confidentiality compared to adults confidentiality in the medical scenario. The Loughreys statement It seems.that competent childrens right to confidentiality is more vulnerable than that of competent adults is been critically analysed in this study to understand this complexity of confidentiality. This statement indicates that children confidentiality is in medical scenario highly exploited when compared to adult confidentiality. Therefore, the learner in this study tries to deeply analyse and justify the rationale and veracity of this statement by Loughrey. Medical Confidentiality and General Principles In the medical scenario, confidentiality is the patients right and has to be respected in all possible manners by the professionals who are guided to maintain confidentiality. This is considered to be a very important part of trust bond between the professionals (doctors and nurses) and the patient. It is the legal and ethical duty of medical professional to maintain confidentiality and the failure to perform so can only be justified by the beneficence and non-maleficence ethics of medical practice. Therefore, professionals need to keep all the information related to the patient confidential and they could only reveal information about the involvement of patient consent[5]. In various literature studies performed by[6], confidentiality is a right of patient that should be respected by the entire medical team. The patient consent and willingness to share information is the most important and exploited part of confidentiality. According to[7] the patient is required to be competent as per certain criteria to ensure his or her capability of providing consent. The patient needs to have a general understanding about their confidentiality decision, knowledge about the consequences of their decision, retain decision-related information and also be able to communicate their decision. These are competency criteria that make patient capable enough to provide consent and make decisions related to their confidential information. In contrast, various factors like age, mental status, intelligence, knowledge, awareness etc. affects this decision-making competency of patients that complexes the confidentiality processes in the medical scenario. [8] Williams studied the zone of information considered to be confidential that involves medical records, personal details (name, age, address, sexuality, marital status etc.), health conditions, illnesses, appointment records, on-going treatments, audio/visual recordings, fact of a person being your patient. The legal and ethical mechanism principles of confidentiality involve Common Law, Statute law (Data Protection Act 1998), Rights and Regulatory bodies (roles, responsibilities, employment contract). Any kind of act to disclosure to confidential information persist a risk of legal action by the patient or the investigating body. Professionals to address the confidentiality service in medical scenario follow the Confidentiality Model that is based on four steps that are Protect, Inform, Provide Choice and Improve. The principle of protect allows practitioner take care of information, inform ensure patient awareness about the use of information, provide choice helps in patient decision making process and improve involves choice of better options to maintain confidentiality[9]. Patient Rights and Vulnerability The three most basic rights of patients or individuals regarding their confidentiality involve understanding about the use of their information and purpose of their information being processed, access to all information and getting their information corrected if inaccurate. These rights help the patient and professionals to maintain a balance of information flow until and unless affected by certain vulnerability factors[10]. In previous times, children and minors were not considered fit for making decisions related to healthcare and were considered incompetent due to age factor. The parents own authority to make decisions related to healthcare, however, in contemporary times this viewpoint is modified and the law considered childrens voice a major part of their treatment process considering maturity and competency as the potential of children as well. There are rights and laws that provide them with the authority to take a medical decision as per their will power[11]. The competency power of minor or children is determined as per their age, experience, judgement skills, maturity level, separation from parents status, the demeanour of minor and their situation complexity. [12]studied that in normal situations parents have the right to make healthcare decisions including confidentiality for minors or children except the emancipated and mature children having the competency to take their own decision. However, except the life-threatening situations and treatments are considered out of their control. As per law, confidentiality decision is the right of pregnant minor, married minor, armed service minor, minor living independently and victim of sexual abuse or assault. However, confidentiality of minors or children is highly exploited compared to adults in the healthcare system. [13]indicated that all the medical information of individual is protected as per state and federal regulations but the confusing state of children self-determination creates a challenge in confidentiality formation. Some of the states and regions collaborate the ability of medical decisions making with the ability of consent and confidentiality of minors, however, there are some s tates that exploit the confidentiality right of minor by allowing disclosure of information against the will of children. Therefore, there is no stability available for the childrens right to confidentiality. Issues in Protecting and Maintaining Confidentiality of Children As per Loughrey statement, it is true that childrens right f confidentiality is exploited or vulnerable compared to adults confidentiality right. This vulnerability occurs due to various complex issues that harness the protection and maintenance of childrens consent and right of confidentiality. The very first issue is the potential conflict between the autonomy of competent children rights of confidentiality and beneficence of professionals[14]. There are studies [15]that report cases where medical professionals are not able to recognise the line between childrens rights to confidentiality and their law of duty. The professional guidelines provide the practitioner with the guidelines to maintain and respect childrens right to confidentiality, however, the dilemma occurs when parents are willing to get involved in this decision-making process and opposing their childrens decision. In some cases, this is for childrens benefit and in some professional can suspect child abuse. Therefore , this situation creates exploitation of children confidentiality rights. Another issue exploiting the childrens right of confidentiality is their parents access and right to get medical information of their kids which cant be denied by professionals. The children competency is considered as secondary factor in this scenario because if professionals want they can share the medical information with the parents of children leading to vulnerability of childrens confidentiality[16]. Further, [17]studied that in more than 70% cases professionals generally, dont take risk of hiding childrens medical information irrespective of their right to confidentiality. In maximum cases, this is done to provide best possible treatment irrespective of childrens will or desire. The no legal consideration and regulations provided by English law regarding the patient-practitioner confidentiality relationship also leads to the vulnerability of childrens confidentiality. However, Common law determines the concept of confidential relationship where confidence duty is established once any confidential information is shared between patient and professional. But, this concept does not involve any legal consideration leading to confidentiality breaching issues. There are situations where professional need to share children medical information with other professionals or authorities like managers, counsellors etc. leading to exploitation of childrens confidentiality. However, the occurrence of this situation is very low in adult confidentiality because the legal considerations of adult confidentiality are clearly described and explained to professionals[18] [19]. As per European Convention on Human Rights, Article -8 every individual including children and adults have right to confidentiality under a level of maturity. This maturity involves a persons ability to express the view or communicate or take medical decisions. But, the confidentiality becomes a difficult phenomenon in case of harnessed maturity due to the occurrence of mental health issues. Generally, children in growing stage of life develop certain mental health issues like depression, learning disability etc. that remain unrecognised at this small age. But the medical professionals catch up these mental health issues as soon as they communicate with these children and to safeguard their duty of care for children, the exploitation of confidentiality has to occur. However, in case of adults this situation is rare because generally the mental health status or issues of adults are detected till that age[20]. [21]studied that Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA, 1996) consider parents as personal representative of their children allowing them right to access the minor information and records leading to the vulnerability of childs privacy rights. However, HIPAA provides rules for parents regarding the access to childrens medical information but still this confirms the vulnerability of childrens right to confidentiality within lawful standards. In contrast, there is no such rule for adult confidentiality rights where adults own complete power to maintain their confidentiality. These are certain most common issues that affect the childrens right of confidentiality in the medical scenario. Legal and Ethical Dilemmas in Children Confidentiality There are various ethical and legal dilemmas that occur in maintaining childrens confidentiality due to the conflict between different laws and ethics. The professional duty of care is a major legal restriction that leads to the vulnerability of childrens confidentiality right. This duty of care is completely supported by beneficence and non-maleficence ethics to govern medical services. In contrast, this beneficence and non-maleficence affect the patients autonomy and right to treatment[22]. This ethical dilemma is rare in case of adult confidentiality because adult patients autonomy is considered above beneficence and non-maleficence ethics except in the life-threatening situations[23]. The religious and philosophical rights of parents also exploit the confidentiality of competent adults and the medical professional needs to address these religious and philosophical rights of parents as a part of their professional standards. In the case of confidentiality relationship with a minor patient the professional needs to disclose information for the religious and philosophical interest of patient as per professional code of practice where it is mandatory to respect the cultural beliefs of patients and their families. However, this is not applicable for life-threatening treatment process [24]. Further, [25]indicated that as per legal perspective and ground rules of confidentiality, the parents are considered to have legal authority regarding the minor treatment process that hinders the confidentiality rights of a minor. In the viewpoint of the practitioner as well as parents it is the legal right of parents to refer the medical information about children. There is no specific legal and ethical framework that can work to control the effect of this legal authority exploiting the confidentiality rights of children. Another legal restriction that lead to children confidentiality vulnerability is The Freedom of Information Act 2000/2012 where professionals need to share information for proper management in healthcare scenario. However, information sharing process also affects the confidentiality of adults in an equal manner but it causes exploitation of childrens confidentiality in cases such as minor pregnancy, rape, sexual abuse, sexually transmitted disease or HIV. For example- The information sharing related to abortion od a married or adult women would not cause any personal or mental harassment to that patient but a minor involved in the similar situation would become a victim of harassment if their information is shared in the medical scenario. However, there are legal frameworks like Children and Young People Bill (Scotland), National Child Protection Guidance 2010 etc. that protect minors from information sharing vulnerability but still it cause negative effect when compared to confident iality of adults in medical scenario [26]. Confidentiality is derived from case law being a legal obligation within professional codes of conduct. The Case law or Common law or judge-made law is basically based on precedent or previous cases describe confidentiality as the client or patient information held on computer, paper, audio or visual record and memory of professional can never be disclosed irrespective of patient consent or clinically applicable circumstances. Therefore, professional needs to provide a solid justification regarding any act of disclosure made by them. This solid justification needs to overrule the individuals right of confidentiality. However, case law provides an equal right of confidentiality to children and adults in clinical circumstances but still vulnerability of childrens right to confidentiality is high compared to adults confidentiality due to the existence of other legal obligations that overrule the case law for children confidentiality. The Ethical standards and State laws make the childre n confidentiality right a flexible one where it is ethically correct to disclose children medical information and exploit their autonomy for providing best treatment irrespective of the patient consent [27]. There are certain state laws and regulations that hinder the pathway of case law functionality especially in regards with children confidentiality. This could be explained with example There are states who provide authority to professionals to make the decision for informing the parents of children involves in substance abuse or alcoholism irrespective of patients consent and make decisions that are best for treatment interest of a particular child. In contrast, some states do not allow disclosure of such information without the patient consent. Therefore, the functionality of case law is disrupted as per the state law present in particular region. Another legal consideration that leads to the vulnerability of children confidentiality rights is Gillick competence that persist origination in England Medical Law. As per this Gillick competence provides an opportunity to decide wheather 16 years or younger child is competent enough to provide consent and make medical decisions. This Gillick competence clashes with the Fraser Guidelines creating vulnerability and confusion regarding the competency of minors involved in the consent process for treatment. The Fraser Guidelines favour permission for minor consent only for issues related to contraception, pregnancy and unprotected sex. However, Gillick competence favours the determination of minor competency by professionals in all health related matter. Hence, this confusion is another reason leading to vulnerability of minor confidentiality rights in healthcare scenario [28]. The clinical practices and professional guidelines also lead to the vulnerability of minors confidentiality rights. There are factors, situations and circumstances creating vulnerability hindering the minor confidentiality pathway. The very first duty of professional is to Structure the therapeutic relationship and to establish this relationship there is sharing of information between patients and professional that is confidential in some cases. However, there are situations where therapist or professionals need to disclose such information for the best interest of the patient leading to exploitation of minor confidentiality as well as the breach in a therapeutic relationship also breaking the trust of the patient. Another professional standard is to maintain Confidentiality and Privacy that conflicts with standard of disclosing confidential information to provide professional services in regards with minor treatment also leads to vulnerability of minor confidentiality as well as privacy in healthcare scenario. This standard conflict creates major vulnerability in confidentiality of adolescence involved in immature pregnancy, abortion, and sexual abuse, HIV etc. [29] Further, [30]studied that professional standards meant to provide confidentiality actually, creates confusion and vulnerability to the minor confidentiality. Some of the most controversial standards involve sharing information with the healthcare team, providing a duty of care, disclosure to protect patient or others, research purposes and other secondary utilisation of information. However, the terms and conditions related to each standard is properly defined but still it creates more vulnerability to the competent minors right of confidentiality compared to adult confidentiality in healthcare scenario under various circumstances. Laws, regulations, ethical guidance, clinical judgement and agency policies directly challenge the confidentiality right in minors creating conflict and dilemma. There is still much more need to refine the confidentiality case law with respect to these legal, state and ethical considerations for providing confidentiality. The medical professional considers themselves on horns facing such controversial situation in everyday practice because the scenario of minor confidentiality still remains disorderly managed in medical practice. However, this situation or vulnerability is not confronted in adult confidentiality because there are certain other rights, medical directorate, consent rights, psychological and cognitive development factors that consider adult patient perfect enough to make their medical decision without arose of the dilemma. Thus, as per Loughreys statement It seems.that competent childrens right to confidentiality is more vulnerable than that of competent adults [31]. Conclusion From the study on critical analysis the mentioned Loughrey statement it is true that competent children right of confidentiality are exploited in the healthcare system when compared to adult confidentiality rights and conditions. There are various positive and negative factors, situations, circumstances as well as law and ethics that favour this vulnerability either for the benefit of minor patients, clinical judgement or professional practice. The most critical factor leading to vulnerability is the authority and right of parents to get information about their childrens treatment that works against the confidentiality will of children. Further, legal and ethical dilemma or clashes also lead to this vulnerability that is not so common in adult confidentiality. It is also been denoted in this study that there is lacking formula or process to determine abilities and decision-making capabilities of children in healthcare standards. There is some law that favour minor participation in the decision-making process related to medical information but still the conflict occurs because of drought on minor competency. However, fortunately, these issues and conditions are rare creating vulnerability but if they occur the professionals involved have to bear the responsibility of outcomes. Therefore, professionals and administration placed in the centre of conflict must be aware of the minor interest, parents interest and the state to avoid the vulnerability of minor confidentiality rights. Bibliography Barr J and Dowding L, Leadership In Health Care (SAGE 2012) Biggs H, Healthcare Research Ethics And Law (Routledge-Cavendish 2010) Brann M, 'Health Care Providers' Confidentiality Practices And Perceptions: Expanding A Typology Of Confidentiality Breaches In Health Care Communication' (2007) 8 Qualitative Research Reports in Communication Confidentiality In Adolescent Health Care' (2010) 14 Nursing for Women's Health. 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